]> http://erlangen-crm.org/efrbroo/ http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk Ontology for the Sharing Ancient Wisdoms (SAWS) project, to represent the information and knowledge available in medieval gnomologia (collections of wise sayings). SAWS concentrates mainly on Ancient Greek and Arabic manuscripts containing wisdom literature. All class descriptions are provided by domain experts and the ontology has been developed through collaboration between these experts and ontology developers. 1.4 Version 2.0. Produced after intensive discussions in Goettingen (September 2012) with SAWS project partners and various collaborators. ecrm:E21_Person Note for SAWS: this includes any human being, named or otherwise ecrm:E21_Person person ecrm:E35_Title title ecrm:E39_Actor Note for SAWS: we can use Actor to refer to any living being (not necessarily a person, not necessarily still alive) who is identified/named/referred to within a linguistic object, though we may wish to use a more specific class such as Person, AttributedAuthor, Scribe etc. ecrm:E39_Actor actor ecrm:E41_Appellation Note for SAWS: we can use Appellation to state a person’s name or other name of interest e.g. of a church ecrm:E41_Appellation appellation ecrm:E51_Contact_Point contact point ecrm:E53_Place place ecrm:E56_Language Note for SAWS: This represents language in which a material is written - this is put in the TEI header. NB in the TEI header we should use standards for languages, e.g. the more detailed ISO standards at http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ , so use “http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/grc” for Ancient Greek rather than “Greek” ecrm:E56_Language language #AbstractManuscriptText The text that is written in an manuscript #AbstractManuscriptText abstract manuscript text #AttributedAuthor Person to whom original authorship of a linguistic object is attributed, as the source of that linguistic object #AttributedAuthor attributed author #CollectionInstance The gnomologium or other compilation/collection on which we are working #CollectionInstance collection instance #Comment Comment on a part of the material, usually from the modern editor. N.B. The Comment class is for comments on a material that do not physically exist on that material. If a comment has been physically written on a material (usually in the margin), then this should be represented as an instance of Marginalia. #Comment comment #ContentItem A basic unit of interest within the Material: a division of a collection instance/section, for more exact reference than when using a section – this identifies basic units of interest in the material for SAWS (marked in TEI as <seg>) #ContentItem content item #DecorativeItem Decorative element (picture, ornamentation, etc) within the material, either meaning-bearing or non meaning-bearing #DecorativeItem decorative item #Definition A content item that is defining a concept or term used in the material #Definition definition #Edition Any edited material, known or unknown, including texts such as the Bible and Kekaumenos #Edition edition #Editor A modern scholar editing material to produce an edition, in the age of printing and beyond #Editor editor #EditorSection Any division within a linguistic object created by an editor, e.g. to make the navigation of the text clearer or to mark a region of interest #EditorSection editor section #EditorTitle Indicates a title that was assigned outside the manuscript by an editor #EditorTitle editor title #Epilogue epilogue #Family A grouping of related Materials - this is a concept, an interpretation, rather than a physical thing #Family family #HypothesisedInstance The physical instance of an abstract manuscript text or collection instance which we hypothesise may have existed, but which we do not have - it is presumed lost or destroyed #HypothesisedInstance hypothesised instance #Institution An Institution can own materials, be located at places, and include persons as members #Institution institution #Lacuna A physical gap in the physical manuscript #Lacuna lacuna #Locus A physical location within a physical manuscript #Locus locus #ManuscriptPart A physical section of a physical manuscript #ManuscriptPart manuscript part #Marginalia Remark(s) physically written in the margin of the material by a scribe, not necessarily the original scribe. N.B. If a comment has been physically written on a material (usually in the margin), then this should be represented as an instance of Marginalia. The Comment class is for comments on a material that don’t physically exist on that material #Marginalia marginalia #Material Any of the texts we are working on in SAWS or that we are referring to #Material material #Narrative Narrative text that is not a saying itself, that either stands alone or is the text surrounding or immediately preceding or following the Statement (saying), e.g. 'Aristotle says...', 'The frogs asked for a king.’, ‘Aristotle is a lover of knowledge’ #Narrative narrative #OriginalMaterial A material produced by scribe transcription rather than being edited in modern times #OriginalMaterial original material #OtherContentItem A unit of the material within a content item, as identified by the modern editor, which isn’t a narrative, statement, or definition #OtherContentItem other content item #PhysicalManuscript The physical object on which the material we are working on exists #PhysicalManuscript physical manuscript #Prologue prologue #ReconstructedManuscript Manuscript whose parts are now distributed as separate manuscript parts, so no longer exists as a whole, but can still be identified #ReconstructedManuscript reconstructed manuscript #Scribe The producer / author / copier of a linguistic object (excluding editions), in the medieval age. The scribe can be named or unnamed #Scribe scribe #ScribeSection Any division within a linguistic object indicated by a scribe #ScribeSection scribe section #ScribeTitle Indicates a title that was assigned within the manuscript by a scribe #ScribeTitle scribe title #Section A division of a linguistic object e.g. chapter, verse, for larger-scale reference than when using a content item. These can be nested/numbered #Section section #Statement The actual saying, e.g. 'All men are mortal' #Statement statement #Transmitter Person who is described in the text content as having transmitted a content item or other linguistic objects, for example ‘[Transmitter] said that [AttributedAuthor] said … (ContentItem) #Transmitter transmitter #areMarginaliaOn To indicate that Marginalia have been written on the manuscript,e .g. in the margins #areMarginaliaOn are marginalia on #commentMadeBy A comment has been made by a modern-day scholar/editor. NB to represent marginalia physically written in the margins of the manuscript, use: Marginalia marginaliaAddedBy Scribe. #commentMadeBy comment made by #commentMadeBy LinguisticObject isWrittenBy Person Marginalia marginaliaAddedBy Scribe #decorationAddedBy A DecorativeItem has been physically added onto the manuscript by a Person NB to represent marginalia notes (text) physically written in the margins of the manuscript, use: Marginalia marginaliaAddedBy Scribe @en #decorationAddedBy decoration added by #decorationAddedBy Marginalia marginaliaAddedBy Scribe #follows A Section/ContentItem/CollectionInstance comes after another Section/ContentItem/CollectionInstance in the document #follows follows #formsPartOf Physical Manuscripts can be composed of many Manuscript Parts – this relationship would be stated once for each part. This relationship can be used both for existing Manuscript Parts or for Manuscript Parts which used to be parts of a manuscript #formsPartOf forms part of #hasAddedDecoration A Person has physically added a DecorativeItem onto the manuscript NB to represent where scribes have written marginalia notes (text) physically onto the manuscript, use: Scribe hasAddedMarginalia Marginalia #hasAddedDecoration has added decoration #hasAddedDecoration Scribe hasAddedMarginalia Marginalia #hasAddedMarginalia A Scribe has physically added Marginalia onto a manuscript. NB to represent where a modern-day scholar/editor makes a comment, not written onto the manuscript, use: Editor hasMadeComment Comment #hasAddedMarginalia has added marginalia #hasAddedMarginalia Person hasWritten LinguisticObject Editor hasMadeComment Comment #hasAncestor An ancestor OriginalMaterial is a source material (direct or indirect) for the production of part or all of the descendant OriginalMaterial #hasAncestor has ancestor #hasChild The parent OriginalMaterial is a direct source for the production of part or all of the child OriginalMaterial #hasChild hasChild #hasComment To indicate that something has been commented about in an editorial Comment #hasComment has comment #hasDescendant An ancestor OriginalMaterial is a source material (direct or indirect) for the production of part or all of the descendant OriginalMaterial #hasDescendant has descendant #hasMadeComment A modern-day scholar/editor has made a comment. NB to represent scribes physically writing marginalia on the manuscript, use: Scribe hasAddedMarginalia."@en #hasMadeComment has made comment #hasMadeComment Person hasWritten LinguisticObject Scribe hasAddedMarginalia Marginalia #hasMarginalia To indicate that a manuscript has had Marginalia written on it, e.g. in the margins #hasMarginalia has marginalia #hasMember We use hasMember to indicate: - A Family contains the specified original material (i.e. one produced by Scribe transcription rather than being edited in modern times) - An Institution has as a member this Person #hasMember has member #hasMember dct:hasPart efrbroo:R10_has_member ecrm:P107_has_current_or_former_member #hasOwned A Person has owned (either currently or in the past) the Material of Interest. This would normally be based on a specific statement/mark of ownership. [nb this will always need a date?] #hasOwned has owned #hasParent The parent OriginalMaterial is a direct source for the production of part or all of the child OriginalMaterial #hasParent has parent #hasPart Physical Manuscripts can be composed of many Manuscript Parts – this relationship would be stated once for each part. This relationship can be used both for existing Manuscript Parts or for Manuscript Parts which used to be parts of a manuscript #hasPart has part #hasUsed A Person has used (either currently or in the past) the OriginalMaterial in their work. [nb this will always need a date?] #hasUsed has used #hasWritten A Person has written (or has transcribed) a LinguisticObject. NB This also includes: Editor hasWritten Comment Scribe hasWritten Marginalia #hasWritten has written #hasWritten Editor hasMadeComment Comment Scribe hasAddedMarginalia Marginalia #isAncestorOf An ancestor OriginalMaterial is a source material (direct or indirect) for the production of part or all of the descendant OriginalMaterial #isAncestorOf is ancestor of #isAttributedAuthorOf An author has been attributed as the author of this LinguisticObject (any Linguistic Object except Edition) #isAttributedAuthorOf is attributed author of #isAttributedToAuthor A LinguisticObject (except Edition) is attributed to this AttributedAuthor #isAttributedToAuthor is attributed to author #isBasedOn An edition is based upon one or more textual materials (manuscripts, collections etc). One <relation> per each textual material) #isBasedOn is based on #isBySameScribeAs The two manuscripts (or parts of the manuscripts) have been copied/produced by the same Person #isBySameScribeAs is by same scribe as #isBySameScribeAs Person hasWritten LinguisticObject LinguisticObject isWrittenBy Person PhysicalManuscript/ReconstructedManuscript/ManuscriptPart isFromSamePlaceAs PhysicalManuscript/ReconstructedManuscript/ManuscriptPart #isChildOf The parent OriginalMaterial is a direct source for the production of part or all of the child OriginalMaterial #isChildOf is child of #isCloseRenderingOf From one dialect or genre into another. This property specifies the source and target LinguisticObject involved (respectively) when rendering one LinguisticObject instance to express it in a related but different way (not necessarily in a different Language), resulting in a new LinguisticObject e.g. poetry into prose, or from one dialect to another, or a paraphrase being made. This property indicates that the new LinguisticObject is a close rendering of the original LinguisticObject. For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isCloseRenderingOf is close rendering of #isCloseRenderingOf isLooseRenderingOf #isCloseTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is related to another LinguisticObject in that it conveys the same ideas, but is expressed in a different language (FRBRoo: an Expression of the same Work in a different Language). This property indicates that the translated text is a close interpretation of the original text For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isCloseTranslationOf is close translation of #isCloseTranslationOf isLooseTranslationOf isCloseRenderingOf #isCommentOn To indicate that an editorial Comment is being made about something #isCommentOn is comment on #isCopiedBy A LinguisticObject (except Edition) is copied by this Scribe #isCopiedBy is copied by #isCopierOf A Scribe has written or copied this LinguisticObject (any Linguistic Object except Edition) #isCopierOf is copier of #isDescendantOf An ancestor OriginalMaterial is a source material (direct or indirect) for the production of part or all of the descendant OriginalMaterial #isDescendantOf is descendant of #isDifferentTo To explicitly say that two things are different from each other #isDifferentTo is different to #isDirectTranslationOf To indicate that the translator worked directly from an MS or text which we have identified, to produce the target linguistic object. A LinguisticObject is related to another LinguisticObject in that it conveys the same ideas (FRBRoo: Work), but is expressed in a different language (FRBRoo: a different and longer Expression). For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isDirectTranslationOf is direct translation of #isDirectTranslationOf isIndirectTranslationOf isTransliterationOf #isEditedBy An Edition is edited by an Editor (someone from the SAWS team or another modern-day scholar) #isEditedBy is edited by #isEditorOf An Editor (a modern-day scholar, e.g. someone from the SAWS team) has edited an Edition #isEditorOf is editor of #isFromSamePlaceAs The two manuscripts (or parts of the manuscripts) have been copied/produced in the same Place/Institution #isFromSamePlaceAs is from same place as #isFromSamePlaceAs (Place or Institution) isLocationForWritingOf Material Material isWrittenAt (Place or Institution) PhysicalManuscript/ReconstructedManuscript/ManuscriptPart isBySameScribeAs PhysicalManuscript/ReconstructedManuscriptPart #isInLanguage A LinguisticObject is text in the specified Language #isInLanguage is in language #isInSameFamilyAs Two OriginalMaterials are related by being part of the same Family of Original Materials #isInSameFamilyAs is in same family as #isIndirectTranslationOf To indicate where the Scribe worked from a lost translation/version or series of translations/versions to produce the target LinguisticObject. This relation should be used when we know that one LinguisticObject is a source of another (in a different language) and we want to assert that one text is not a direct translation from a previous document but where other unknown documents were involved in the process of going from one to another. For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isIndirectTranslationOf is indirect translation of #isIndirectTranslationOf isDirectTranslationOf #isLocatedAt A physical thing is (or was) located at a particular location (Place or Locus) NB Use this relation if you are talking about a physically-existing object being located at a physical place. Use physicallyLocatedAt if you are talking about an abstract linguistic object being found at a particular locus. #isLocatedAt is located at #isLocatedAt physicallyLocatedAt #isLocationForWritingOf A Place is the location witnessing the writing (or transcription) of a LinguisticObject #isLocationForWritingOf is location for writing of #isLocationForWritingOf isLocationOf #isLocationOf A particular Place or Locus is (or was) the location of a physical thing. NB Use this relation if you are talking about the physical location of a physically-existing object. Use physicalLocationOf if you are talking about the physical location for an abstract linguistic object. #isLocationOf is location of #isLocationOf physicalLocationOf #isLongerTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is an enhanced or expanded copy of another LinguisticObject. For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isLongerTranslationOf is longer translation of #isLongerTranslationOf isLongerVersionOf #isLongerVersionOf A LinguisticObject is related to another LinguisticObject in that it conveys the same ideas (FRBRoo: Work), but is expressed in a longer version (FRBRoo: a different and longer Expression) which is an extension of the original text in some way. For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isLongerVersionOf is longer version of #isLooseRenderingOf From one dialect or genre into another. This property specifies the source and target LinguisticObject involved (respectively) when rendering one LinguisticObject instance to express it in a related but different way (not necessarily in a different Language), resulting in a new LinguisticObject e.g. poetry into prose, or from one dialect to another, or a paraphrase being made. This property indicates that the new LinguisticObject is a loose rendering of the original LinguisticObject For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isLooseRenderingOf is loose rendering of #isLooseRenderingOf isCloseRenderingOf #isLooseTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is related to another LinguisticObject in that it conveys the same ideas (FRBRoo: Work), but is expressed in a different language (FRBRoo: a different and longer Expression). This property indicates that the translated text is a loose interpretation of the original text For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isLooseTranslationOf is loose translation of #isLooseTranslationOf isCloseTranslationOf isLooseRenderingOf #isMemberOf We use isMemberOf to indicate: - An OriginalMaterial is member of a Family of related OriginalMaterials - A Person is member of an Institution #isMemberOf is member of #isMemberOf dct:isPartOf efrbroo:R10i_is_member_of ecrm:P107i_is_current_or_former_member_of #isNotPresentIn To specify that a piece of text is missing from a LinguisticObject, for example if this text appears in a corresponding part of a manuscript from the same Family #isNotPresentIn is not present in #isOlderThan A Physical man-made thing (physical manuscript) is older than (i.e. was produced earlier in time than) another specified Physical man-made thing #isOlderThan is older than #isParentOf The parent OriginalMaterial is a direct source for the production of part or all of the child OriginalMaterial #isParentOf is parent of #isReferencedBy This property allows you to say that an object or some text (internal to that document or from an external source) is referred to in the text of a LinguisticObject, e.g. by being described or being alluded to #isReferencedBy is referenced by #isRelatedTo Two things are related in some way. This relation may be used where the details of the link are to be refined at a later date, or where some relation is seen but the annotater cannot be more specific than to indicate that this relationship exists. #isRelatedTo is related to #isSequentiallySameAs A CollectionInstance or Section has the same sequential structure as another CollectionInstance or Section. N.B. CollectionInstances contain sequences of ordered Sections. Sections contain sequences of ordered ContentItems #isSequentiallySameAs is sequentially same as #isSequentiallySameAs isSequentiallySimilarTo isSubSequenceOf #isSequentiallySimilarTo A CollectionInstance or Section has a slightly different but related sequential structure to another CollectionInstance or Section. N.B. CollectionInstances contain sequences of ordered Sections. Sections contain sequences of ordered ContentItems #isSequentiallySimilarTo is sequentially similar to #isSequentiallySimilarTo isSequentiallySameAs isSubSequenceOf #isShorterTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is a condensed copy of another LinguisticObject. For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isShorterTranslationOf is shorter translation of #isShorterTranslationOf isShorterVersionOf #isShorterVersionOf A LinguisticObject is related to another LinguisticObject in that it conveys the same ideas (FRBRoo: Work), but is expressed in a more concise version (FRBRoo: a different and shorter Expression) For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isShorterVersionOf is shorter version of #isShorterVersionOf isShorterTranslationOf #isSiblingOf The two OriginalMaterials are produced using the same source(s) OriginalMaterial(s) (as indirect or direct source) #isSourceFor A textual material (manuscripts, collections etc) is one of the source documents on which an edition is based. One <relation> per each textual material) #isSourceFor is source for #isSubSequenceOf A Section is formed of a sequence of ContentItems that is a subsequence of the sequence of ContentItems in another Section #isSubSequenceOf is sub sequence of #isSubSequenceOf isSequentiallySameAs isSequentiallySimilarTo #isTransliterationOf A LinguisticObject is a transliteration of another LinguisticObject, i.e. same words but using a different set of characters, e.g. kai isTransliterationOf και #isTransliterationOf is transliteration of #isTransliterationOf isDirectTranslationOf #isTransmittedBy A LinguisticObject (except Edition) is transmitted by this Transmitter (Person) #isTransmittedBy is transmitted by #isTransmitterOf A Transmitter (Person) has transmitted this LinguisticObject (any Linguistic Object except Edition) #isTransmitterOf is transmitter of #isTwinOf The two OriginalMaterials are produced using the same direct source(s) OriginalMaterial #isTwinOf is twin of #isUnrelatedTo To explicitly say two things are not at all related but are completely independent of each other #isUnrelatedTo is unrelated to #isVariantOf A LinguisticObject is a variant of another LinguisticObject. NB This property is specialised by its subproperties - this is the default option, but more specialised properties should be used where possible. isVariantOf can be used as a placeholder or temporary annotation in a preliminary stage of annotation For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isVariantOf is variant of #isVariantOf isVariantTranslationOf #isVariantTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is a slightly modified copy of another LinguisticObject. For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isVariantTranslationOf is variant translation of #isVariantTranslationOf isVariant #isVerbatimOf A LinguisticObject is a verbatim, word-for-word copy of another LinguisticObject. For comparing between text of the same language, or comparing between different languages where the direction of translation is unknown or indirect #isVerbatimOf is verbatim of #isVerbatimOf isVerbatimTranslationOf #isVerbatimTranslationOf A LinguisticObject is a verbatim, word-for-word copy of another LinguisticObject. For comparing between different languages (where a translation act is known to have taken place directly between those documents, in a particular direction) #isVerbatimTranslationOf is verbatim translation of #isVerbatimTranslationOf isVerbatimOf #isWrittenAt A LinguisticObject is written (or transcribed) at a specified Place #isWrittenAt is written at #isWrittenAt isLocatedAt #isWrittenBy A LinguisticObject is written (or transcribed) by a specified Person #isWrittenBy is written by #isWrittenBy Comment commentMadeBy Editor Marginalia marginaliaAddedBy Scribe #isYoungerThan A Physical man-made thing (physical manuscript) is younger than (i.e. was produced later in time than) another specified Physical man-made thing #isYoungerThan is younger than #marginaliaAddedBy Marginalia have been physically added onto the manuscript by a Scribe NB to represent where a comment has been made by a modern-day scholar/editor, not written onto the manuscript, use: Comment commentMadeBy Editor #marginaliaAddedBy marginalia added by #marginaliaAddedBy LinguisticObject isWrittenBy Person Comment commentMadeBy Editor #ownedBy The Material of interest has been owned (in the past or currently) by this particular Person. This would normally be based on a specific statement/mark of ownership. [nb this will always need a date?] #ownedBy owned by #physicalLocationOf This lets you describe the physical location of the LinguisticObject, e.g. a particular piece of text, or Marginalia, by recording the Locus that the notes are physically written on in a Material. You can describe the Locus (e.g. folio number, or position on the page) in free text, in as much detail as required, if there is no formal way to describe the location of the text/marginalia] NB Use this relation if you are talking about the physical location for an abstract linguistic object. Use isLocationOf if you are talking about the physical location of a physically-existing object. #physicalLocationOf physical location of #physicalLocationOf isLocationOf #physicallyLocatedAt This lets you describe the physical location of the LinguisticObject, e.g. a particular piece of text, or Marginalia, by recording the Locus that the notes are physically written on in a Material. You can describe the Locus (e.g. folio number, or position on the page) in free text, in as much detail as required, if there is no formal way to describe the location of the text/marginalia NB Use this relation if you are talking about an abstract linguistic object which is to be found at a particular locus. Use isLocatedAt if you are talking about a physically-existing object being located at a physical place. #physicallyLocatedAt physically located at #physicallyLocatedAt isLocatedAt #precedes A Section/ContentItem/CollectionInstance comes before another Section/ContentItem/CollectionInstance in the document #precedes precedes #refersTo This property allows you to say that the text of a LinguisticObject makes a reference to (or mentions) some other text or object, either within the text (e.g. as allusion) or external to the text (for external things, please give a URI for that object) #refersTo refers to #usedBy The Original Material of interest has been used by this particular Person in their work. [nb this will always need a date?] #usedBy used by